਀㰀琀椀琀氀攀㸀戀椀漀最爀愀瀀栀礀  䨀漀栀愀渀渀攀猀 匀琀愀爀欀⸀ 吀栀攀 一漀戀攀氀 倀爀椀稀攀 椀渀 倀栀礀猀椀挀猀 ਀㰀䴀䔀吀䄀 栀琀琀瀀ⴀ攀焀甀椀瘀㴀䌀漀渀琀攀渀琀ⴀ匀琀礀氀攀ⴀ吀礀瀀攀 挀漀渀琀攀渀琀㴀琀攀砀琀⼀挀猀猀㸀㰀䰀䤀一䬀 栀爀攀昀㴀∀猀琀礀氀攀⸀挀猀猀∀ 琀礀瀀攀㴀琀攀砀琀⼀挀猀猀 爀攀氀㴀猀琀礀氀攀猀栀攀攀琀㸀 ਀㰀戀漀搀礀㸀 ਀ ਀㰀栀㈀ 愀氀椀最渀㴀挀攀渀琀攀爀㸀 䨀漀栀愀渀渀攀猀 匀琀愀爀欀 The Nobel Prize in Physics 1919਀㰀栀㌀ 愀氀椀最渀㴀挀攀渀琀攀爀㸀戀椀漀最爀愀瀀栀礀㰀⼀栀㌀㸀㰀栀㐀㸀 ਀㰀瀀㸀吀栀攀 爀攀猀瀀漀渀猀攀 漀昀 愀渀 椀渀琀攀爀瘀愀氀攀渀挀攀 戀愀渀搀 琀漀 愀渀 愀瀀瀀氀椀攀搀 攀氀攀挀琀爀椀挀 昀椀攀氀搀Ⰰ 挀愀氀氀攀搀 愀渀 椀渀琀攀爀瘀愀氀攀渀挀攀 戀愀渀搀 匀琀愀爀欀 攀昀昀攀挀琀Ⰰ 椀猀 挀漀渀猀椀搀攀爀攀搀 椀渀 搀攀琀愀椀氀⸀㰀⼀瀀㸀㰀瀀㸀 䈀攀挀愀甀猀攀 琀栀攀 愀瀀瀀氀椀挀愀琀椀漀渀 漀昀 愀渀 攀氀攀挀琀爀椀挀 昀椀攀氀搀 琀漀 愀 猀礀洀洀攀琀爀椀挀 洀椀砀攀搀ⴀ瘀愀氀攀渀挀攀 挀漀洀瀀氀攀砀 眀椀氀氀 戀爀攀愀欀 椀琀猀 猀礀洀洀攀琀爀礀 椀渀 愀 眀愀礀 琀栀愀琀 搀攀瀀攀渀搀猀 漀渀 琀栀攀 猀琀爀攀渀最琀栀 漀昀 琀栀攀 昀椀攀氀搀 愀渀搀 琀栀攀 漀爀椀攀渀琀愀琀椀漀渀 漀昀 琀栀攀 挀漀洀瀀氀攀砀 椀渀 琀栀攀 昀椀攀氀搀Ⰰ 椀琀 椀猀 渀攀挀攀猀猀愀爀礀 琀漀 椀搀攀渀琀椀昀礀 琀栀攀 洀漀猀琀 最攀渀攀爀愀氀 琀爀攀愀琀洀攀渀琀 漀昀 琀栀攀 愀猀礀洀洀攀琀爀椀挀 瘀椀戀爀漀渀椀挀 挀漀甀瀀氀椀渀最 瀀爀漀戀氀攀洀 昀漀爀 琀栀攀 挀愀氀挀甀氀愀琀椀漀渀 漀昀 椀渀琀攀爀瘀愀氀攀渀挀攀 戀愀渀搀 匀琀愀爀欀 攀昀昀攀挀琀猀⸀㰀⼀瀀㸀㰀瀀㸀 䘀漀爀 琀栀椀猀 爀攀愀猀漀渀 琀栀爀攀攀 瀀爀攀瘀椀漀甀猀 琀爀攀愀琀洀攀渀琀猀 漀昀 琀栀攀 愀猀礀洀洀攀琀爀椀挀 瘀椀戀爀漀渀椀挀 挀漀甀瀀氀椀渀最 瀀爀漀戀氀攀洀 愀爀攀 爀攀瘀椀攀眀攀搀⸀ 㰀⼀瀀㸀㰀瀀㸀䔀愀挀栀 琀爀攀愀琀洀攀渀琀 椀猀 昀漀甀渀搀 琀漀 戀攀 氀攀猀猀 愀瀀瀀爀漀瀀爀椀愀琀攀 昀漀爀 琀栀攀 挀愀氀挀甀氀愀琀椀漀渀 漀昀 椀渀琀攀爀瘀愀氀攀渀挀攀 戀愀渀搀 匀琀愀爀欀 攀昀昀攀挀琀猀 琀栀愀渀 愀 昀漀甀爀琀栀 琀栀愀琀 眀攀 椀渀琀爀漀搀甀挀攀⸀ 䤀琀 椀猀 愀氀猀漀 猀栀漀眀渀 琀栀愀琀 愀 挀漀洀洀漀渀 挀栀漀椀挀攀 漀昀 瘀椀戀爀愀琀椀漀渀愀氀 戀愀猀椀猀 椀渀 琀栀攀猀攀 琀爀攀愀琀洀攀渀琀猀 挀愀渀 氀攀愀搀 琀漀 椀渀愀挀挀甀爀愀琀攀 挀愀氀挀甀氀愀琀椀漀渀猀 昀漀爀 猀漀洀攀 洀椀砀攀搀ⴀ瘀愀氀攀渀挀攀 挀漀洀瀀氀攀砀攀猀㬀 愀渀 愀氀琀攀爀渀愀琀椀瘀攀 椀猀 爀攀挀漀洀洀攀渀搀攀搀⸀㰀⼀瀀㸀㰀倀㸀 倀愀爀琀椀挀甀氀愀爀 愀琀琀攀渀琀椀漀渀 椀猀 瀀愀椀搀 琀漀 琀栀攀 攀昀昀攀挀琀猀 漀昀 琀栀攀 昀椀攀氀搀 漀渀 琀栀攀 氀椀渀攀 猀栀愀瀀攀猀 漀昀 椀渀琀攀爀瘀愀氀攀渀挀攀 戀愀渀搀猀 愀渀搀 琀栀攀 猀椀琀攀猀 漀昀 挀栀愀爀最攀 氀漀挀愀氀椀稀愀琀椀漀渀 椀渀 洀椀砀攀搀ⴀ瘀愀氀攀渀挀攀 挀漀洀瀀氀攀砀攀猀㬀 戀漀琀栀 攀昀昀攀挀琀猀 漀昀 琀栀攀 昀椀攀氀搀 氀攀愀搀 甀猀 琀漀 椀搀攀渀琀椀昀礀 椀渀琀攀爀瘀愀氀攀渀挀攀 戀愀渀搀 匀琀愀爀欀 攀昀昀攀挀琀猀 愀猀 攀砀愀洀瀀氀攀猀 漀昀 愀 戀爀漀愀搀攀爀 挀氀愀猀猀 漀昀 渀漀渀挀氀愀猀猀椀挀愀氀 匀琀愀爀欀 攀昀昀攀挀琀猀⸀ 䄀 眀椀搀攀 爀愀渀最攀 漀昀 戀攀栀愀瘀椀漀爀 昀漀爀 椀渀琀攀爀瘀愀氀攀渀挀攀 戀愀渀搀 匀琀愀爀欀 攀昀昀攀挀琀猀 椀猀 瀀爀攀搀椀挀琀攀搀 昀漀爀 椀猀漀琀爀漀瀀椀挀 猀愀洀瀀氀攀猀⸀ 吀栀攀 䘀爀愀渀挀欀ⴀ䌀漀渀搀漀渀 瀀爀椀渀挀椀瀀氀攀 椀猀 甀琀椀氀椀稀攀搀 琀漀 搀攀瘀攀氀漀瀀 愀 焀甀愀氀椀琀愀琀椀瘀攀 甀渀搀攀爀猀琀愀渀搀椀渀最 漀昀 琀栀椀猀 戀攀栀愀瘀椀漀爀⸀ 吀眀漀 洀攀琀栀漀搀猀 漀昀 愀渀愀氀礀猀椀猀 愀爀攀 搀攀瘀攀氀漀瀀攀搀 昀漀爀 搀攀琀攀爀洀椀渀椀渀最 琀栀攀 瘀愀氀甀攀猀 漀昀 琀栀攀 瘀椀戀爀漀渀椀挀 挀漀甀瀀氀椀渀最 瀀愀爀愀洀攀琀攀爀猀 琀栀愀琀 挀栀愀爀愀挀琀攀爀椀稀攀 愀 洀椀砀攀搀ⴀ瘀愀氀攀渀挀攀 挀漀洀瀀氀攀砀 椀渀 琀栀攀 愀戀猀攀渀挀攀 漀昀 琀栀攀 昀椀攀氀搀 昀爀漀洀 椀渀琀攀爀瘀愀氀攀渀挀攀 戀愀渀搀 匀琀愀爀欀 攀昀昀攀挀琀猀 洀攀愀猀甀爀攀搀 昀漀爀 椀猀漀琀爀漀瀀椀挀 猀愀洀瀀氀攀猀㬀 漀渀攀 漀昀 琀栀攀猀攀 洀攀琀栀漀搀猀 挀愀渀 礀椀攀氀搀 愀 挀漀洀瀀氀攀琀攀 搀攀猀挀爀椀瀀琀椀漀渀 漀昀 琀栀攀 瘀椀戀爀漀渀椀挀 挀漀甀瀀氀椀渀最 瀀愀爀愀洀攀琀攀爀猀 昀爀漀洀 愀渀 椀渀琀攀爀瘀愀氀攀渀挀攀 戀愀渀搀 匀琀愀爀欀 攀昀昀攀挀琀 眀栀攀渀 琀栀攀 搀椀瀀漀氀攀 猀琀爀攀渀最琀栀 漀昀 琀栀攀 椀渀琀攀爀瘀愀氀攀渀挀攀 戀愀渀搀 椀猀 攀椀琀栀攀爀 瀀漀漀爀氀礀 挀栀愀爀愀挀琀攀爀椀稀攀搀 漀爀 瀀漀漀爀氀礀 甀渀搀攀爀猀琀漀漀搀⸀ 吀栀攀 匀琀愀爀欀 攀昀昀攀挀琀猀 漀昀 瀀栀愀猀攀ⴀ瀀栀漀渀漀渀 戀愀渀搀猀 愀爀攀 愀氀猀漀 搀椀猀挀甀猀猀攀搀⸀ 䄀 最爀愀搀攀搀 搀攀猀挀爀椀瀀琀椀漀渀 漀昀 挀栀愀爀最攀 氀漀挀愀氀椀稀愀琀椀漀渀 椀渀 洀椀砀攀搀ⴀ瘀愀氀攀渀挀攀 挀漀洀瀀氀攀砀攀猀 椀猀 攀洀瀀栀愀猀椀稀攀搀 琀栀爀漀甀最栀漀甀琀 琀栀椀猀 眀漀爀欀Ⰰ 愀渀搀 愀 猀椀洀瀀氀攀 挀爀椀琀攀爀椀漀渀 昀漀爀 椀搀攀渀琀椀昀礀椀渀最 琀栀攀 氀漀挀愀氀椀稀攀搀ⴀ琀漀ⴀ搀攀氀漀挀愀氀椀稀攀搀 琀爀愀渀猀椀琀椀漀渀 椀猀 瀀爀漀瀀漀猀攀搀⸀

਀ ਀ ਀䨀漀栀愀渀渀攀猀 匀琀愀爀欀 眀愀猀 戀漀爀渀 漀渀 䄀瀀爀椀氀 ㄀㔀Ⰰ ㄀㠀㜀㐀 椀渀 匀挀栀椀挀欀攀渀栀漀昀Ⰰ 䈀愀瘀愀爀椀愀㬀 栀椀猀 昀愀琀栀攀爀 眀愀猀 愀 氀愀渀搀攀搀 瀀爀漀瀀爀椀攀琀漀爀⸀ 䠀攀 眀愀猀 攀搀甀挀愀琀攀搀 愀琀 琀栀攀 䜀礀洀渀愀猀椀甀洀 ⠀最爀愀洀洀愀爀 猀挀栀漀漀氀⤀ 椀渀 䈀愀礀爀攀甀琀栀 愀渀搀 氀愀琀攀爀 椀渀 刀攀最攀渀猀戀甀爀最 愀渀搀 瀀爀漀挀攀攀搀攀搀 琀漀 䴀甀渀椀挀栀 唀渀椀瘀攀爀猀椀琀礀 椀渀 ㄀㠀㤀㐀 琀漀 爀攀愀搀 瀀栀礀猀椀挀猀Ⰰ 洀愀琀栀攀洀愀琀椀挀猀Ⰰ 挀栀攀洀椀猀琀爀礀 愀渀搀 挀爀礀猀琀愀氀氀漀最爀愀瀀栀礀⸀ Stark graduated in 1897 on the basis of his doctoral dissertation on Newton's electrochronic rings in a certain type of dim media. He worked as assistant to von Lommel at the Physics Institute at Munich University from 1897 until 1900 and then became unsalaried university lecturer of physics at the University of Göttingen. In 1906 he was appointed extraordinary professor at the Technische Hochschule in Hannover and in 1909 he followed the invitation of the Technische Hochschule in Aachen to become Professor there. A similar appointment at the University of Greifswald followed in 1917. Three years later he moved to the Physics Institute of the University of Würzburg, where he stayed until 1922.਀ Stark's scientific works cover three large fields: the electric currents in gases, spectroscopic analysis, and chemical valency. His spectroscopic work deals with the connection between the alteration in the structure and in the spectrum of chemical atoms. In 1919 Stark was awarded the Nobel Prize for Physics for his "discovery of the Doppler effect in canal rays and the splitting of spectral lines in electric fields". The prize enabled him to set up his own private laboratory.਀

In 1933 Stark was elected President of the Physikalisch-Technische Reichsanstalt (Physico-Technical Institute) as successor to von Paschen, where he remained until his retirement in 1939. At the same time he held the post of President of the Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (German Research Association).਀

Stark was a prolific writer and published more than 300 scientific papers. His book Die Elektrizität in Gasen (Electricity in gases) was published in 1902. This was followed by works on elementary radiation and electrical spectroscopic analysis of chemical atoms. In connection with his work on chemical valency he wrote a book Die Elektrizität im chemischen Atom (Electricity in the chemical atom). Stark founded the Jahrbuch der Radioaktivität und Elektronik (The Year Book of Radioactivity and Electronics) and edited this publication from 1904 until 1913.਀ Johannes Stark was a corresponding member of the Academies in Göttingen, Rome, Leyden, Vienna and Calcutta, and was awarded the Baumgartner Prize of the Vienna Academy of Sciences in 1910 and the Vahlbruch Prize of the Göttingen Academy of Sciences in 1914, and also the Matteucci Medal of the Rome Academy.਀ During the last years of his life Stark, in his private laboratory on his country estate Eppenstatt near Traunstein in Upper Bavaria, investigated the effect of light deflection in an unhomogeneous electric field.਀

He was married to Luise Uepler. They had five children. His recreations were forestry and cultivation of fruit trees.਀ Stark died on June 21, 1957.਀ ਀㰀⼀栀㐀㸀 ਀ ਀ ਀ ਀㰀⼀栀㐀㸀 ਀ ਀ ਀ ਀ sponsors link òþíèíã àâòî
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